Heat transfer, phase transitions, and thermal phenomena
27 Sept 2026
Carnot engine efficiency calculator applying the laws of thermodynamics — run a live 4-stroke P–V cycle, audit any engine with entropy, find max power.
29 Jul 2026
Ideal gas law calculator with an interactive kinetic theory simulator — find pressure, volume or temperature from PV = nRT and watch molecules respond live.
1 Mar 2026
Why do water droplets levitate and skitter on a very hot pan? Explore the Leidenfrost effect — the vapour cushion that insulates droplets above the Leidenfrost point — with an interactive heat transfer simulation.
22 Mar 2025
The triple point of water — 273.16 K at 611.657 Pa, where ice, liquid and vapour coexist. Interactive phase diagram, freeze-drying and dry ice simulations.
1 Jun 2019
The anomalous expansion of water explained: density peaks at 4°C, ice floats, lakes freeze top-down. Drop parcels, freeze a lake, save a pipe — 3 sims.